The testimonial of Tesla's book reads, "Tesla was hailed by the elite of Western science as the only great scientist comparable to Leonardo da Vinci and surpassing Einstein." It is extremely surprising that Leonardo da Vinci, as a painter, was honored to be compared with two scientific giants, so what did Leonardo da Vinci do to make the world think so highly of him?
Leonardo da Vinci (1452 April 15 - 1519 May 2), known as Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci, was an Italian Renaissance scholar. "He was a painter, sculptor, architect, musician, mathematician, engineer, inventor, anatomist, geologist, cartographer, botanist, and writer.
His talent, perhaps more than any other human being of his time, made him the representative figure of the Renaissance and one of the most famous painters in history, along with Michelangelo and Raphael. The little star 3000 was named "Leonardo". His most famous work is the Mona Lisa, which is now one of the three treasures of the Louvre in Paris.
In addition to his painting achievements, which are known to the world, he also studied sculpture, architecture, including church sketches, analysis of arch structures, philosophy, including on human death, memory, intellect and desire, anatomy, viticulture and winemaking techniques, zoology, astronomy, including on the earth, the sun and the stars, geography, including on water currents, geology, Italian canals, French roads, and mining, and achieved amazing results.
In the beginning, people learned scientific knowledge only from the Aristotelian theories like the Bible and believed only in the written word. Leonardo da Vinci opposed the doctrines and theories of the past as the basis of knowledge by the philosophers of the Academy, and encouraged them to learn from nature and to seek knowledge and truth in the natural world. He believed that knowledge began in practice and that the mysteries of science should be explored through practice. He said, "It is the greatest misfortune that theory is divorced from practice" and "practice should be based on good theory". Da Vinci made a great contribution to natural science by introducing and mastering this advanced scientific method and using it to conduct scientific research. Da Vinci's experimental method opened up new paths for the inventions of people such as Copernicus, Galileo, Kepler, Goethean and Einstein.
Leonardo da Vinci held a negative view of the traditional "center of the earth" theory. He believed that the Earth was not the center of the solar system, much less the universe, but rather a star orbiting the Sun, which itself was not in motion. Da Vinci also believed that the Moon itself does not emit light, but merely reflects the light of the Sun. These ideas predated the "daylight centers" of Franz Copernicus, and even then, Da Vinci may have been imagining the use of solar energy.
In physics, Leonardo da Vinci rediscovered the concept of liquid pressure and proposed the principle of the continuum. In the 15th century, he was the first to start his research on the theory of tribology between objects. He discovered the principle of inertia, which was later proved by Galileo's experiments. He believed that a projecting body initially rises in an inclined straight line and moves in a vertical descent under a mixture of gravitational and impulsive forces. The principle of the origin of matter was also predicted, graphically describing the power of the original energy: "That which would burst from the earth, causing the sudden death of the human being in a silent gas, and the total destruction of the castle, would seem to have a strong destructive power in the air."
In medicine, Leonardo da Vinci also made great achievements in physical anatomy and is considered to be the originator of modern physical anatomy. He dissected 36 bodies, acquired knowledge of human anatomy, and studied the structure of various parts of the human body from anatomy. He was the first to use wax to represent the internal structure of the human brain and the first to envision the use of glass and ceramics to make the heart and eyes.
The discovery of the function of the electromagnetic fluid, its metabolic role in the body, and its constant circulation. He said that it constantly transformed the body, bringing nutrients to the parts of the body that needed them and carrying the body's waste products. Leonardo da Vinci studied the heart, discovered that it had four chambers, and drew the heart valves. He believed that one of the causes of death in old age was arteriosclerosis, and that the cause of arteriosclerosis was lack of exercise. Later, the British scientist Harvey confirmed and developed these results of Leonardo da Vinci's anatomy.
Although it has been 500 years since his death, we remember that one of his interests in this typical Renaissance man was the study of quartz. In a new journal paper on Palaios, André Baucon shows that he was a "pioneer in the study of quartz," or quartz remains, with "relics of quartz, such as footprints.
Mechanically, Leonardo da Vinci was obsessed with the mechanical world. He conceived underwater breathing devices, pulling devices, clockwork drives, ball-bearing devices, reversing spirals, differential spirals, anemometers and gyroscopes. ...... Da Vinci brought his innumerable ideas to the world. The story begins with Da Vinci's first experience of studying painting in Florence. In fact, this experience opened the door to the artist Da Vinci and also to the scientist Da Vinci.
In 1460, Da Vinci arrived in Florence with his wife and father and began his apprenticeship, while learning to paint. As a painter, he was involved in the installation of the giant bronze sphere on the dome of the Santa Maria del Fiorentina Cathedral, where he was exposed to the magic of various mechanical systems.
The Basilica of Santa Maria del Fiorentina is the beginning of Renaissance architecture. When Leonardo da Vinci installed the giant bronze spheres on the dome of the light tower, he witnessed the efficiency of mechanical devices such as the three-speed hoist, and was deeply impressed by the wonder of it.
The Basilica of Santa Maria del Fiorentina is the beginning of Renaissance architecture. When Leonardo da Vinci installed the giant bronze spheres on the dome of the light tower, he witnessed the efficiency of mechanical devices such as the three-speed hoist, and was deeply impressed by the wonder of it.
Thus, Brunelleschi's concept of mechanical system design had a great influence on Leonardo da Vinci. A group of Sienese engineers at the time also had a significant influence on Leonardo da Vinci's scientific world. The Sienese engineers designed a boat-like river dredge to remove gravel and silt from shallow waters, and a paddle boat to increase loading capacity and speed. These inventions by the Sienese engineers gave Da Vinci a great interest in the magic of mechanics. From then on, he was fascinated by the mechanical world.
Most people who have seen The Da Vinci Code know the Da Vinci Code tube. In fact, in the society of that time, people were paying more and more attention to the secrecy of documents. The cipher designed by Da Vinci was classical in shape, with renaissance qualities, and elegant in design, in line with Da Vinci's wise style. According to the storyline, the cipher conceals a papyrus that contains the greatest secrets of the monastic community and Christianity as a whole. Da Vinci designed the cipher to contain a container of vinegar, which would dissolve the papyrus if the cipher was smashed. To open the cipher, one must unlock a five-digit code with five dials, each with 26 letters and as many as 118,81376 possible permutations of the code.
On the automotive side, Leonardo da Vinci ignited the fire that inspired the invention of the modern automobile. Da Vinci's 10,000-page manuscript (about 6,000 pages survive) still influences scientific research today, and he is a foreteller of the modern world, and his manuscript has been called a true encyclopedia of 15th century science and technology.
Very early on, da Vinci was dissatisfied with the four-wheeled carriages of his time. In his scientific world, the automobile had long been a part of it. In fact, it was this "da Vinci car" that ignited the fire that inspired the invention of the modern automobile.
Since it is a car to consider the problem of force, Da Vinci installed two springs in the middle of the car to solve this problem. The springs were tensed to create force, which was then transferred to the wheels through the use of levers.
So how to control the speed of the car? Da Vinci also thought of this, and installed a disc device on the body of the car, with many shaped wooden blocks on the surface of the disc, and the other end of the iron rod connected to each wheel was connected to the disc. The greater the number of blocks placed on the disc, the greater the friction with the bar, the greater the resistance, the slower the wheels run, and the longer the driving distance.
Of course, da Vinci also thought of the brake device. There was a wooden block located between the gears, and the car could be stopped by pulling a rope to jam the block between the gears. However, the car could not carry people, because it could not travel long distances on spring power alone.
At the same time, Da Vinci also cleverly used springs in the design of watches. The principle used in the later large clocks was derived from Da Vinci's idea. In this idea, the spring's elasticity was replaced by the weight of the object, and the downward weight of the object was transferred evenly through the cooperation of many gears, so that the clock could keep moving at a uniform speed.
In addition, musical instruments, alarm clocks, self-propelled vehicles, cameras, thermometers, gum roasters, weaving machines, cranes, and excavators ...... da Vinci was responsible for countless inventions and designs that, if published sufficiently at the time, could have advanced the scientific progress of our world by 100 years.
The architectural side of Leonardo da Vinci also shows a remarkable talent. He designed bridges, churches, city streets, and urban buildings. In the design of city streets, he separated the carriageways from the roads. When designing city buildings, he specified the height of the houses and the width of the streets. After leaving Santissima Anugata in 1502, Leonardo da Vinci worked as a military architect and engineer under Caesar Borgia, son of the notorious Pope Alexander VI.
